Plastic Waste Trade Watch

January 2025

Plastic Waste Trade Watch is a monthly review of information on the international trade in plastic waste. It is produced by Basel Action Network’s (BAN) Plastic Waste Transparency Project, which undertakes campaigns, networking, research, and statistical analysis of the trade in plastic waste. The project also maintains the Plastic Waste Transparency Hub on the BAN website, which serves as an overall clearinghouse for news, data, campaigns, and resources.

 

To join or sign up new members to the Plastic Waste Trade Watch, click here.

Photo of the Month

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Canadian imported plastic waste in Selangor, Malaysia, in August 2024. Malaysia, one of the world’s biggest dumping grounds for plastic waste, has started to be more vocal about waste trafficking in its role as ASEAN chair this year. With Thailand banning plastic waste imports in January, will Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam do the same? (Photo Credit: Copyright BAN)

Trade Data Summary

Japan and EU “High Ambition Coalition” countries are among the highest plastic waste exporters to developing countries and seem to be increasing the flood of their plastic trash each month  

Key Messages: Certain countries have aligned themselves with the “High Ambition Coalition” (HAC) which seeks a strong treaty on plastic waste prevention. Yet sadly, many of these same countries are among the world’s largest exporters of plastic waste, sending massive volumes to developing nations, Turkey, or Mexico instead of responsibly managing their own waste domestically. In the countries receiving the waste, the plastic waste is only partially recycled, with residues commonly dumped or burned. Meanwhile, even so-called legitimate recycling facilities emit massive amounts of microplastics and volatile organic compounds. We continue to call on the hypocritical HAC countries to live up to their high ambitions and cease exporting their plastic waste now. HAC countries are noted below. 

EU plastic waste exports to non-OECD countries increased 69% from 2021 (39.6 million kg/month) to November 2024 (67 million kg/month). Latest EU country exports to non-OECD countries:

  • Germany (HAC): 20 million kg/month (September 2024)
  • Spain (HAC): 13.7 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Netherlands (HAC): 15.1 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Belgium (HAC): 7.9 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Italy (HAC): 2 million kg/month (September 2024)

EU plastic waste exports to Türkiye skyrocket in November 2024 (47 million kg/month). Latest EU country exports to Türkiye:

  • Germany (HAC): 7.4 million kg/month (September 2024)
  • Spain (HAC): 3.1 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Netherlands (HAC): 1.9 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Belgium (HAC): 4.6 million kg/month (August 2024)
  • Italy (HAC): 3.4 million kg/month (September 2024)

Monthly UK (HAC) plastic waste exports to Türkiye and non-OECD countries remain high with big increase to Indonesia

  • To Türkiye: UK exported 10.2 million kg/month in November 2024.
  • To non-OECD countries: UK exported 8.2 million kg/month in November 2024.
  • To Indonesia: UK exported 3.4 million kg/month in November 2024.

California plastic waste exports to Mexico remain high at 3.3 million kg/month in October 2024 (21 trucks per day). Analysis of CalRecycle state data by Basel Action Network proved that the California plastic waste exports have about 50% contamination of unrecyclable plastic trash. 

Japan (HAC) increases flood of plastic waste to Asia

  • Japan exported 44 million kg/month in August 2024 to non-OECD countries. This is equal to 276 shipping containers of plastic waste per day.

Data Charts of the Month

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Check here for 2023 and previous annual summaries and the latest monthly data. Full 2024-year data is expected to be published by government agencies by April 2025.

Quotation of the Month

“…we are especially concerned that, as the INC Chair, you have made unilateral decisions that have excluded civil society, even in the face of Member States supporting open access. At INC-5 in Busan, for example, you made the ‘informal meetings,’ closed-door sessions and used them as a way to exclude Observers from discussions that should have occurred in the open. Opportunities for interventions from Observers were extremely limited in contact groups and in plenary sessions. This conduct is blatantly against existing principles and practices of international law and fails to achieve better decisions.”

 –Yuyun Ismawati and Pamela Miller, IPEN Co-Chairs, in a letter to Ambassador Vayas Valdivieso, INC-5 Chair

Graphic of the Month

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 “Fig 5. Network groupings by sector. This figure shows how many Twitter handles are mentioned by actors in multiple hydrocarbon-based sectors to highlight the extent of shared connections not only within but across sectors. The 407 nodes in this graphic were mentioned at least three times and are connected to at least two nodes. Green edges show connections to fossil energy, red edges show connections to plastics, and blue edges show connections to agrichemicals.” From Interconnections among fossil energy, plastics, and agrichemicals, from Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries, by Alaina Kinol et al.

A fascinating recent study explained in Grist analyzed how fossil fuel, plastics, and agrichemicals companies interact on social media using Twitter (now X). Surprise, surprise – the study’s analysis “suggests that discourses to deny and delay climate policy are aligned and coordinated across the three sectors to reinforce existing infrastructure and inhibit change.” In other words, they are talking to each other and staying on message, offering a sobering reminder of the sophistication of the petrochemical-based industries.

Video of the Month

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Why Mexico imports thousands of tons of US plastic garbage – Investigative report by Kassandra Sundt of DW, with commentary by Jim Puckett of BAN

Top Stories

New microplastics research

A range of new studies continue to demonstrate the vast extent of harm caused by microplastics. One study found higher amounts of plastic in placentas that had premature births than from those with full-term births. Another found plastic to be blocking the flow of blood in mice brains. Another recent study found microplastics in 99% of samples of different species of common seafood off the coast of the US state of Oregon. Unsurprisingly, polymer-based tea bags have also been found to produce high amounts micro and nano plastic. Similarly, microwaving take-out containers releases high amounts of plastics that can affect cardiovascular health. Another study found that microplastics in drinking water are smaller than EU detection limits

More fires at plastic recycling facilities 

Fires at plastic recycling facilities cause extremely toxic pollution and, unfortunately, happen regularly due to lax protocols and the fact that plastic is made from petrochemicals. The Last Beach Cleanup’s map of fires at plastic recycling facilities shows the shocking scale of the problem. 

A huge fire broke out on 29 January at a massive warehouse leased by a Chinese businessman in the Ban Paew district of Samut Sakhon province of Thailand, as reported by The Nation. The facility, which is located directly next to shrimp and fish ponds, is suspected of having imported waste on-site and was allegedly operating illegally. Across the Pacific in the exporting country of the US, a large fire was reported by Eyewitness News in Bakersfield, California at a warehouse containing black plastic irrigation fittings slated to be exported. The video report of the fire noted that a similar fire occurred in another warehouse nearby just two months ago. In Cairo, Egypt, as reported by Egypttoday, around 10 January 2025 a major fire broke out on Shaker Tawfik Street in the Manshiyet Nasser neighborhood at four plastic waste sorting and recycling factories. 

European Court of Human Rights’ landmark ruling on pollution

The European Court of Human Rights ruled on 30 January that Italy had violated the right to life of those living in an area notorious for illegal municipal waste dumping by the mafia near Naples. Although the ruling did not directly address plastic, it has the potential to be used as a precedent in creative legal challenges regarding waste dumping in the future. 

Key Campaign Updates

INC 5.2: Maybe Geneva in July?

The INC Bureau released a draft summary from its 21 January 2025 meeting wherein it was noted that “the possibility of holding INC-5.2 in Geneva in mid-July is being explored.” The summary also noted a discussion on the problems with Observer participation at INC-5 in Busan, including the letter submitted by IPEN 17 January 2025, with general broad statements in support of observer participation. The Chair’s letter in response to IPEN’s letter is here

Opinion of the Month

Europe’s Waste Paradox: How Turkey Became the EU’s Dumping Ground — By A. Sencer Gözübenli in Eurasia Review

Basel Implimentation News